Principal Features
HAYNES® 233® alloy is a new Ni-Co-Cr-Mo-Al alloy that offers excellent oxidation resistance at temperatures to 2100°F (1149°C) or higher, depending on application, coupled with superior creep strength – a combination of properties never before achieved in a readily fabricable alloy. The alloy obtains its exceptional oxidation resistance through the formation of a protective alumina layer, while the high creep strength is a result of solid-solution and carbide strengthening. Additionally, for use at low to intermediate temperature applications (below the gamma-prime solvus of 1767°F (964°C)) the alloy can be age-hardened by heat treatment to produce even greater strength. Finally, the alloy can be readily fabricated using conventional methods since it exhibits good hot workability, cold formability, and weldability. Potential applications include hot gas path components in aerospace and industrial gas turbines, industrial heating fixtures and sensors, various structural components in the emerging energy and chemical process markets.
For additional information about HAYNES® 233® alloy, please contact Victor Paramo at 765-456-6226 or [email protected].
*Please contact our technical support team if you have technical questions about this alloy.
Heat Treatment
HAYNES® 233® alloy is supplied in the mill (solution) annealed condition and may be used in either the solution annealed or age-hardened condition, depending on application. Solution annealing is typically performed by heating to a temperature in the range of 2100 to 2150°F (1149 to 1177°C) for a time commensurate with thickness, followed by a water quench. The solution annealed condition is most appropriate for applications above 1767°F (964°C). 233® alloy can be age-hardened to significantly increase strength at low to intermediate temperatures (below the gamma-prime solvus of 1767°F (964°C)). A typical age-hardening heat treatment for this alloy is 1650°F/4h/AC + 1450°F/8h/AC (899°C/4h/AC + 788°C/8h/AC).
As the heat treatment has a significant impact on properties at various temperatures, the properties in this brochure are clearly segregated by condition.
Nominal Composition
| Weight % | |
| Nickel | 48 (Balance) |
| Chromium | 19 |
| Cobalt | 19 |
| Molybdenum | 7.5 |
| Titanium | 0.5 |
| Aluminum | 3.3 |
| Iron | 1.5 max. |
| Manganese | 0.4 max. |
| Silicon | 0.20 max. |
| Carbon | 0.1 |
| Boron | 0.004 |
| Tantalum | 0.5 |
| Tungsten | 0.3 max. |
| Yttrium | 0.025 max. |
| Zirconium | 0.03 |
Solution Annealed
The solution annealed condition is most appropriate for applications above 1767°F (964°C), to 2100°F (1149°C) or higher, depending on application. When used in the solution annealed condition at temperatures below 1767°F (964°C), gamma-prime will precipitate and this should be taken into account for such applications.
Properties of HAYNES® 233® alloy in the solution annealed condition are shown on the following pages.
Oxidation Resistance – Solution Annealed
HAYNES®233®alloy in the solution annealed condition exhibits superior oxidation resistance at temperatures of 1800°F and above, under a variety of test conditions and environments, including flowing air and combustion gases. It is in league with HAYNES®214®alloy, both of which far outperform other alloys currently in the market.
Static Oxidation Resistance at 2100˚F (1149˚C)
2100°F (1149°C) in Air for 1,008 h – Cycled Weekly
Static Oxidation – Solution Annealed
| Alloy | Comparative Oxidation Resistance in Flowing Air, 1008 Hours* | |||||||
| 1800°F (982°C) | 2100°F (1149°C) | |||||||
| Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | |||||
| mils | µm | mils | µm | mils | µm | mils | µm | |
| 233® | 0.1 | 1 | 0.3 | 8 | 0.3 | 7 | 0.5 | 12 |
| 214® | 0.1 | 3 | 0.4 | 9 | 0.1 | 3 | 0.5 | 13 |
| 230® | 0.1 | 3 | 1.0 | 25 | 1.2 | 30 | 4.4 | 112 |
| 617 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.7 | 18 | 1.0 | 25 | 5.2 | 132 |
| X | 0.3 | 8 | 1.4 | 36 | 3.6 | 91 | 6.1 | 115 |
| 188 | 0.1 | 3 | 1.0 | 25 | 8.6 | 218 | 10.7 | 272 |
| 625 | 0.3 | 8 | 1.5 | 38 | 1.9 | 48 | 20.2 | 513 |
| 263 | 0.8 | 20 | 4.3 | 109 | - | - | - | - |
| Waspaloy | 0.5 | 13 | 5.0 | 127 | - | - | - | - |
*Average Metal Affected = Metal Loss + Internal Attack
Long Term Oxidation – Solution Annealed
High‐temperature sheet (0.060 ‐ 0.125”) alloys exposed for 360 days (8,640 h) in flowing air.
*Tests discontinued after 500h exposure due to breakaway oxidation
| Alloy | 2000°F | |||
| Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | |||
| mils | µm | mils | µm | |
| 233® | 0.2 | 5 | 1.3 | 33 |
| 617 | 7.1 | 180 | 12.4 | 315 |
| 230® | 7.7 | 196 | 16.0 | 406 |
| *625 | 19.0 | 483 | 22.1 | 561 |
| *188 | 21.8 | 554 | 25.1 | 638 |
| * The results were obtained after eight cycles (240 days or 5,760 hours) | ||||
Dynamic Oxidation – Solution Annealed
| Alloy | 1800°F (980°C), 1000 h, 30-min cycles | 2000°F (1090°C), 500 h, 30-min cycles | ||||||
| Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | |||||
| mils | µm | mils | µm | mils | µm | mils | µm | |
| 233® | 0.7 | 19 | 1.3 | 35 | 0.7 | 17 | 1.2 | 30 |
| 214® | 1.2 | 30 | 1.7 | 43 | 1.2 | 30 | 1.5 | 38 |
| 188 | 1.0 | 25 | 2.7 | 69 | 10.9 | 277 | 13.1 | 333 |
| 230® | 2.2 | 56 | 4.7 | 119 | 7.1 | 180 | 9.9 | 251 |
| 617 | 2.5 | 64 | 5.0 | 127 | 13.3 | 338 | 20.9 | 531 |
| 625 | 3.7 | 94 | 6.0 | 152 | Sample Consumed | |||
| X | 4.3 | 109 | 7.3 | 185 | 11.6 | 295 | 14.0 | 356 |
Burner rig oxidation tests were conducted by exposing samples of 3/8in x 2.5in x thickness (9mm x 64 mm x thickness), in a rotating holder to the products of combustion of 2 parts No. 1 and 1 part No. 2 fuel burned at a ratio of air to fuel of about 50:1. Gas velocity was about 0.3 mach. Samples were automatically removed from the gas stream every 30 minutes and fan-cooled to near ambient temperature and then reinserted into the flame tunnel.
Cyclic Oxidation – Solution Annealed
| Alloy | 2000°F (1090°C), 1000 h, 1h cycles | |||
| Metal Loss | Average Metal | |||
| mils | µm | mils | µm | |
| 214® | 0.2 | 4 | 0.6 | 14 |
| 233® | 0.4 | 10 | 1.1 | 28 |
| 230® | 2.0 | 51 | 3.1 | 80 |
| 617 | 8.5 | 217 | 10.3 | 262 |
| 188 | 11.7 | 297 | 13.2 | 336 |
| X* | 10.9 | 277 | 12.7 | 323 |
| 625 | 23.1 | 587 | 24.3 | 617 |
| *Tests discontinued after 500h and 500 cycles; samples showed breakaway oxidation (loss of oxidation protection) before 500h/500 cycles | ||||
*Tests discontinued after 500h exposure due to breakaway oxidation
Nitridation Resistance – Solution Annealed
Nitridation test was performed in flowing ultra-high purity (UHP) nitrogen gas at 1600°F (871°C) and 1800°F (982°C) for 1,008 hours, cycled every 168 hours. Nitrogen absorption was determined by chemical analysis of samples before and after exposure.
HAYNES® 233® alloy Nitridation Resistance - Solution Annealed
| Alloy | 1600°F (871°C) | 1800°F (982°C) | ||||
| Nitrogen absorption | Average Internal Penetration | Nitrogen absorption | Average Internal Penetration | |||
|
mg/cm2 |
mils | µm |
mg/cm2 |
mils | µm | |
| 214® | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| 233® | 0.1 | 0.5* | 12* | 0.3 | 7.6* | 193* |
| 188 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 53 | 3.3 | 15.3 | 389 |
| 230® | 0.4 | 2.3 | 58 | 4 | 12.3 | 312 |
| 625 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 92 | 7 | 17.7 | 450 |
| 617 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 61 | 7.2 | 30.1 | 765 |
*Local internal penetration
Water Vapor Resistance – Solution Annealed
1800°F (982°C) Water Vapor Oxidation Test (1008h cycled every 168h)
HAYNES® 233® alloy Water Vapor - Solution Annealed
| Alloy |
in air+10% H2O |
in air+20% H2O |
||||||
| Meta Loss | Average Metal Affected | Meta Loss | Average Metal Affected | |||||
| mils | µm | mils | µm | mils | µm | mils | µm | |
| 233® | <0.1 | 1 | 0.4 | 10 | <0.1 | 1 | 0.4 | 10 |
| 214® | <0.1 | 1 | 0.9 | 23 | <0.1 | 1 | 0.6 | 15 |
| 230® | 0.2 | 5 | 1.3 | 33 | 0.2 | 5 | 1.5 | 38 |
| 625 | 0.2 | 5 | 1.5 | 38 | 0.4 | 10 | 1.6 | 41 |
| 188 | 0.1 | 3 | 1.6 | 41 | 0.5 | 5 | 1.5 | 38 |
| X | 0.3 | 7 | 1.7 | 43 | 0.3 | 7 | 4.6 | 41 |
| HR-120® | 0.4 | 10 | 1.7 | 43 | 0.4 | 10 | 2.1 | 86 |
| 800HT | - | - | - | - | 2.5 | 63 | 5.1 | 129 |
Carburization Resistance – Solution Annealed
1600°F (871°C) carburization test for 96h cycled every 24h in Ar-5H2-2C3H6.
HAYNES® 233® alloy Carburization Resistance – Solution Annealed
| Alloys | Carbon Absorption | Average Internal Penetration | |
|
mg/cm2 |
mils | µm | |
| 214® | 0.5 | < 0.1 | 2 |
| 233® | 0.6 | 1.9 | 47 |
| 230® | 2.3 | 11.8 | 300 |
| 617 | 3.5 | 16.9 | 429 |
| 188 | 3.7 | 12.1 | 307 |
| 800HT | 4.0 | 24.9 | 633 |
| 625 | 4.3 | 8.6 | 218 |
Creep and Rupture Properties – Solution Annealed
HAYNES® 233® alloy in the solution annealed condition exhibits excellent creep strength and rupture life at temperatures up to 2100°F. Compared to other solid-solution-strengthened alloys, it is one of the top performers, especially at the upper end of the 1800°F – 2100°F temperature range.
Comparison of Sheet Materials: Stress to Produce 1% Creep in 1000 Hours
233® Sheet Creep and Stress Rupture Strength – Solution Annealed
| Test Temperature | Creep | Approximate Initial Stress to Produce Specified Creep in: | ||||||
| 100 hr | 1,000 hr | 10,000 hr | ||||||
| ℉ | ℃ | % | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa |
| 1700 | 927 | 0.5 | 6.2 | 43 | 3.3 | 23 | 1.6* | 11* |
| 1 | 7.0 | 49 | 3.8 | 26 | 1.9* | 13* | ||
| R | 9.3 | 64 | 5.0 | 35 | 2.9* | 20* | ||
| 1800 | 982 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 22 | 1.5 | 10 | 0.54* | 3.7* |
| 1 | 3.7 | 26 | 1.8 | 13 | 0.76* | 5.2* | ||
| R | 4.9 | 34 | 2.8 | 19 | 1.7* | 11* | ||
| 1900 | 1038 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 11 | 0.53 | 3.6 | 0.13 | 0.9 |
| 1 | 1.9 | 13 | 0.75 | 5.2 | 0.22 | 1.5 | ||
| R | 2.8 | 20 | 1.6 | 11 | 0.96 | 6.6 | ||
| 2000 | 1093 | 0.5 | 0.57 | 3.9 | 0.13 | 0.9 | - | - |
| 1 | 0.80 | 5.5 | 0.23 | 1.6 | - | - | ||
| R | 1.7 | 12 | 0.97 | 6.7 | 0.55 | 3.8 | ||
| 2100 | 1149 | 0.5 | 0.16 | 1.1 | - | - | - | - |
| 1 | 0.27 | 1.9 | - | - | - | - | ||
| R | 1.03 | 7.1 | 0.57 | 3.9 | 0.30* | 2.1* | ||
*Significant Extrapolation
Preliminary creep table based on available data
All creep data are preliminary
Low Cycle Fatigue – Solution Annealed
Comparative LCF: 233® vs 230® alloy [0.125 in. (3.2mm) Sheet]
Tensile Properties – Solution Annealed
Tensile Properties of HAYNES® 233® Plate, Solution Annealed
| Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | Reduction of Area | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | % |
| 1800 | 982 | 12.2 | 84 | 18.1 | 125 | 118.4 | 96.3 |
| 2000 | 1093 | 6.1 | 42 | 9.2 | 63 | 101.3 | 93 |
| 2100 | 1149 | 3.5 | 24 | 6.1 | 42 | 151.4 | 96.1 |
Tensile Properties of HAYNES® 233® Sheet, Solution Annealed
| Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % |
| 1800 | 982 | 12.3 | 85 | 17.7 | 122 | 92.1 |
| 2000 | 1093 | 6.5 | 45 | 8.8 | 61 | 61.8 |
| 2100 | 1149 | 3.9 | 27 | 6.1 | 42 | 71.9 |
Comparative Tensile Properties of HAYNES Solid Solution Strengthened Alloys (Solution Annealed Sheet)
| Alloy | 1800°F (982°C) | 2000°F (1093°C) | ||||||||
| 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| 230® | 17.8 | 123 | 24.5 | 169 | 54.1 | 10.0 | 69 | 13.1 | 90 | 37.0 |
| 617 | 13.2 | 91 | 19.6 | 135 | 111.4 | 6.4 | 44 | 9.7 | 67 | 92.2 |
| 233® | 12.3 | 85 | 17.7 | 122 | 92.1 | 6.5 | 45 | 8.8 | 61 | 61.0 |
| 214® | 6.0 | 41 | 9.8 | 68 | 144.8 | 3.0 | 20 | 5.5 | 38 | 157.1 |
Thermal Stability – Solution Annealed
Thermal Stability of Solution Annealed 233® Sheet
| Initial Condition | Exposure Temperature | Exposure Duration | Test Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | ||||
| °F | °C | h | °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| SA | - | - | - | RT | RT | 52.5 | 362 | 118.6 | 818 | 57.3 |
| SA | - | - | - | 1800 | 982 | 12.1 | 84 | 16.3 | 112 | 99.3 |
| SA | 1800 | 982 | 8000 | RT | RT | 49.1 | 339 | 116.8 | 806 | 46.2 |
| SA | 1800 | 982 | 8000 | `1800 | 982 | 10.7 | 74 | 15.3 | 105 | 102.8 |
SA= Solution Annealed
Welded Tensile Properties – Solution Annealed
HAYNES® 233® alloy can be readily welded using both Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) processes, with 233-W® alloy recommended as filler metal. Transverse weld tensile properties of 233® alloy sheet and plate welded with 233-W® alloy filler metal are similar or higher than that of 233® alloy sheet and plate. For more information on 233-W® alloy filler metal, please see the 233-W® Alloy At A Glance datasheet here.
Welded Transverse Tensile Data – HAYNES® 233® Sheet – 0.125” (3.2 mm)(Sheet)
Solution Annealed Prior to Autogenous GTAW
| Temperature | 0.2% YS | UTS | 4D Elong. | Failure Location | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| GTAW As-Welded | |||||||
| RT | RT | 66.8 | 461 | 125.3 | 864 | 43.5 | Weld Metal, Base Metal |
| 1800 | 982 | 14.5 | 100 | 17.9 | 123 | 45.6 | Base Metal |
| GTAW + 2150°F (1177°C) /15 min/WQ | |||||||
| RT | RT | 53 | 365 | 112.6 | 776 | 36 | Base Metal |
| 1800 | 982 | 13.5 | 93 | 18.3 | 126 | 48.3 | Base Metal |
Solution Annealed Prior to GMAW-P Welded – Using 233-W® Filler Metal
| Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | 4D Elongation | Reduction of Area | Failure Location | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | % | |
| GMAW-P As-Welded | ||||||||
| RT | RT | 96.3 | 664 | 139.3 | 960 | 25.6 | 34.2 | Weld Metal |
| 1800 | 982 | 15.2 | 105 | 19.7 | 136 | 43.9 | 44.5 | Weld Metal |
Physical Properties – Solution Annealed
| Physical Property | Customary Units | Metric Units | ||
| Density |
0.295 lb/in3 |
8.17 g/cm3 |
||
| Melting Range | 2422 - 2532°F | 1328 - 1389°C | ||
| Specific Heat | RT | 0.106 BTU/lb-°F | RT | 442 J/kg-°C |
| 1800°F | 0.139 BTU/lb-°F | 900°C | 575 J/kg-°C | |
| 2000°F | 0.142 BTU/lb-°F | 1000°C | 584 J/kg-°C | |
| Thermal Conductivity | RT |
68 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
RT | 10.0 W/m-°C |
| 1800°F |
157 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
900°C | 21.7 W/m-°C | |
| 2000°F |
166 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
1000°C | 22.9 W/m-°C | |
| Thermal Diffusivity | RT |
0.106 ft2/h |
RT |
0.0274 cm2/s |
| 1800°F |
0.185 ft2/h |
900°C |
0.0481 cm2/s |
|
| 2000°F |
0.193 ft2/h |
1000°C |
0.0501 cm2/s |
|
| Electrical Resistivity | RT | 50.2 microhms-in | RT | 127 microhms-cm |
| 1800°F | 51.3 microhms-in | 900°C | 133 microhms-cm | |
| 2000°F | 51.5 microhms-in | 1000°C | 130 microhms-cm | |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 1800°F | 9.7 µin/in-°F | 900°C | 16.6 µm/m-°C |
| 2000°F | 10.0 µin/in-°F | 1000°C | 17.6 µm/m-°C | |
| Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity | RT |
31.7 x 106 psi |
RT | 219 GPa |
| 1700°F |
20.8 x 106 psi |
900°C | 147 GPa | |
| 1800°F |
19.8 x 106 psi |
1000°C | 135 GPa | |
| 1900°F |
18.8 x 106 psi |
1050°C | 128 GPa | |
| 2000°F |
17.8 x 106 psi |
1100°C | 122 GPa | |
| 2100°F |
16.7 x 106 psi |
1150°C | 115 GPa | |
| 2200°F |
15.7 x 106 psi |
1200°C | 108 GPa | |
| Dynamic Shear Modulus | RT |
11.8 x 106 psi |
RT | 82 GPa |
| 1700°F |
7.7 x 106 psi |
900°C | 54 GPa | |
| 1800°F |
7.3 x 106 psi |
1000°C | 49 GPa | |
| 1900°F |
6.9 x 106 psi |
1050°C | 47 GPa | |
| 2000°F |
6.5 x 106 psi |
1100°C | 45 GPa | |
| 2100°F |
6.2 x 106 psi |
1150°C | 42 GPa | |
| 2200°F |
5.8 x 106 psi |
1200°C | 40 GPa | |
| Poisson's Ratio | RT | 0.34 | RT | 0.34 |
| 1700°F | 0.36 | 900°C | 0.36 | |
| 1800°F | 0.36 | 1000°C | 0.36 | |
| 1900°F | 0.36 | 1050°C | 0.36 | |
| 2000°F | 0.36 | 1100°C | 0.36 | |
| 2100°F | 0.36 | 1150°C | 0.36 | |
| 2200°F | 0.36 | 1200°C | 0.36 | |
Total Hemispherical Emissivity of HAYNES® 233® Alloy (Solution Annealed Bar)
Total hemispherical emissivity is a measure of a material’s effectiveness in emitting thermal radiation. It is a function of temperature and the nature of the material. The value is the ratio of the emittance of the material by that of a black body, which has an emissivity value of one, indicating an object that absorbs all incident radiation. Emissivity testing was conducted under vacuum on bare metallic surfaces since the presence of an oxide scale can have a significant impact on this value.
Age-hardened
HAYNES® 233® alloy can be age-hardened to significantly increase strength at low to intermediate temperatures (below the gamma-prime solvus of 1767°F (964°C)). A typical age-hardening heat treatment for this alloy is 1650°F/4h/AC + 1450°F/8h/AC (899°C/4h/AC + 788°C/8h/AC).
Properties of HAYNES® 233® alloy in the age-hardened condition are shown on the following pages.
Creep and Rupture Properties – Age-hardened
HAYNES® 233® alloy in the age-hardened condition exhibits excellent creep strength and rupture life at temperatures from 1200°F – 1700°F, performing significantly better than Waspaloy alloy and 263 alloy. In this temperature range, age-hardened 233® alloy has creep strength and rupture life far superior to those of solid-solution-strengthened alloys.
233® Sheet Creep and Stress Rupture Strength – Age-hardened
| Test Temperature | Creep | Approximate Initial Stress to Produce Specified Creep in: | ||||||
| 100 hr | 1,000 hr | 10,000 hr | ||||||
| ℉ | ℃ | % | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa |
| 1200 | 649 | 0.5 | 83 | 575 | 72 | 499 | 57* | 393* |
| 1 | 87 | 599 | 76 | 522 | 60* | 414* | ||
| R | 107 | 738 | 85 | 588 | 65* | 448* | ||
| 1300 | 704 | 0.5 | 68 | 467 | 51 | 351 | 35* | 241* |
| 1 | 71 | 488 | 54 | 370 | 37* | 255* | ||
| R | 78 | 540 | 57 | 396 | 40* | 276* | ||
| 1400 | 760 | 0.5 | 47 | 322 | 31 | 211 | 18* | 124* |
| 1 | 49 | 341 | 33 | 227 | 20* | 138* | ||
| R | 53 | 363 | 36 | 245 | 23* | 159* | ||
| 1500 | 816 | 0.5 | 28 | 193 | 16 | 111 | 9* | 59* |
| 1 | 30 | 208 | 18 | 122 | 10* | 67* | ||
| R | 33 | 227 | 21 | 142 | 12* | 85* | ||
| 1600 | 871 | 0.5 | 15 | 104 | 8 | 53 | 3.6 | 25 |
| 1 | 17 | 114 | 9 | 60 | 4.2 | 29 | ||
| R | 19 | 134 | 11 | 78 | 6 | 43 | ||
*Significant Extrapolation
| Property | Test Temperature | 233® alloy | 263 alloy | 282® alloy | Waspaloy alloy | |||||
| ℉ | ℃ | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | |
| Stress to Produce 1% Creep in 100h | 1200 | 649 | 87 | 600 | 75 | 517 | - | - | 81 | 558 |
| 1400 | 760 | 49 | 338 | 37 | 255 | 48 | 331 | 41 | 283 | |
| 1500 | 816 | 30 | 207 | 22 | 152 | 32 | 221 | 25 | 172 | |
| 1600 | 871 | 17 | 117 | 11 | 76 | 18 | 124 | 15 | 103 | |
| Stress to Produce 1% Creep in 1000h | 1200 | 649 | 76 | 524 | 58 | 400 | 79 | 545 | 67 | 462 |
| 1400 | 760 | 33 | 228 | 25 | 172 | 35 | 241 | 28 | 193 | |
| 1500 | 816 | 18 | 124 | 12 | 83 | 21 | 145 | 16 | 110 | |
| 1600 | 871 | 9 | 62 | 6 | 41 | 10 | 69 | 7 | 48 | |
| Stress to Produce Rupture in 100h | 1200 | 649 | 107 | 738 | 77 | 531 | - | - | 92 | 634 |
| 1400 | 760 | 53 | 365 | 42 | 290 | 53 | 386 | 53 | 365 | |
| 1500 | 816 | 33 | 228 | 25 | 172 | 37 | 255 | 32 | 221 | |
| 1600 | 871 | 19 | 131 | 14 | 97 | 22 | 152 | 19 | 131 | |
| Stress to Produce Rupture in 1000h | 1200 | 649 | 85 | 586 | 64 | 441 | 80 | 552 | 80 | 552 |
| 1400 | 760 | 36 | 248 | 28 | 193 | 38 | 262 | 36 | 248 | |
| 1500 | 816 | 21 | 145 | 15 | 193 | 23 | 159 | 20 | 138 | |
| 1600 | 871 | 11 | 76 | 7 | 103 | 12 | 83 | 7 | 48 | |
Low Cycle Fatigue – Age-hardened
Comparative Low-Cycle Fatigue Data: Age-hardenable Alloys*
*Age-hardened (282® alloy: 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC, 263 alloy: 1472°F (800°C)/8h/AC, Waspaloy alloy: 1825°F (995°C)/2h/AC + 1550°F (845°C)/4h/AC + 1400°F (760°C)16h/AC , 233® alloy: 1650°F(899°C)/4h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC)
Oxidation Resistance – Age-hardened
While oxidation attack at 1600°F tends to be low among both solid-solution-strengthened and age-hardened Ni-base alloys in general, HAYNES® 233® alloy exhibits superior oxidation resistance among those alloys.
Static Oxidation – Age-hardened
| Alloy | Comparative Oxidation Resistance in Flowing Air, 1008 Hours* | |||
| 1600°F (871°C) | ||||
| Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | |||
| mils | µm | mils | µm | |
| *233® | <0.1 | <1 | 0.2 | 6 |
| **X | <0.1 | <1 | 0.4 | 10 |
| **625 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.5 | 12 |
| **230® | 0.1 | 1 | 0.6 | 14 |
| **617 | <0.1 | <1 | 0.8 | 21 |
| *282® | <0.1 | <1 | 0.9 | 23 |
| *263 | <0.1 | <1 | 1.1 | 28 |
| *Waspaloy | <0.1 | <1 | 1.1 | 28 |
All are single test results.
*Age-hardened (233® alloy: 1650°F/4h/AC + 1450°F/8h/AC [899°C/4h/AC + 788°C/8h/AC]; 282® alloy: 1850°F/2h/AC + 1450°F/8h/AC [1010°C/2h/AC + 788°C/8h/AC]; Waspaloy: 1825°F/2h/AC + 1550°F/4h/AC + 1400°F/16h/AC [996°C/2h/AC + 843°C/4h/AC + 760°C/16h/AC]; 263 alloy: 1472°F/8h/AC [800°C/8h/AC])
**Solution Annealed
Tensile Properties – Age-hardened
Tensile Properties of HAYNES® 233® Sheet, Age-Hardened*
| Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % |
| RT | RT | 115.2 | 795 | 173.7 | 1198 | 24.9 |
| 200 | 93 | 110.7 | 763 | 170.2 | 1174 | 24.7 |
| 400 | 204 | 108.3 | 747 | 167.6 | 1155 | 25.8 |
| 600 | 316 | 105.3 | 726 | 161.1 | 1111 | 24.9 |
| 800 | 427 | 106.8 | 736 | 156.1 | 1076 | 26.1 |
| 1000 | 538 | 103.8 | 716 | 149.6 | 1032 | 25.9 |
| 1200 | 649 | 100.1 | 690 | 158.7 | 1094 | 25.0 |
| 1400 | 760 | 97.9 | 675 | 117.1 | 807 | 27.2 |
| 1500 | 816 | 79.7 | 549 | 91.9 | 633 | 25.5 |
| 1600 | 871 | 54.6 | 376 | 64.6 | 446 | 27.0 |
| 1700 | 927 | 31.0 | 214 | 37.8 | 261 | 38.3 |
Tensile Properties of HAYNES® 233® Plate, Age-Hardened*
| Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | Reduction of Area | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | % |
| RT | RT | 117.0 | 807 | 178.3 | 1230 | 24.8 | 31.4 |
| 200 | 93 | 114.5 | 790 | 173.9 | 1199 | 25.0 | 29.7 |
| 400 | 204 | 107.5 | 741 | 170.4 | 1175 | 22.3 | 24.0 |
| 600 | 316 | 106.2 | 732 | 164.8 | 1136 | 21.4 | 26.9 |
| 800 | 427 | 112.1 | 773 | 157.9 | 1088 | 21.1 | 22.5 |
| 1000 | 538 | 106.9 | 737 | 156.3 | 1078 | 29.5 | 21.2 |
| 1200 | 649 | 104.8 | 722 | 165.2 | 1139 | 29.5 | 25.4 |
| 1400 | 760 | 100.4 | 692 | 120.7 | 832 | 32.6 | 36.0 |
| 1500 | 816 | 84.6 | 583 | 95.3 | 657 | 31.5 | 38.6 |
| 1600 | 871 | 58.0 | 400 | 68.3 | 471 | 39.1 | 52.7 |
| 1700 | 927 | 34.2 | 236 | 40.6 | 280 | 64.1 | 78.2 |
Comparative Tensile Properties of HAYNES Age-Hardened Alloys* (Sheet)
| Alloy | RT | ||||
| 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| Waspaloy | 130 | 899 | 189 | 1304 | 25 |
| 233® | 115 | 795 | 174 | 1198 | 25 |
| 282® | 101 | 699 | 164 | 1132 | 30 |
| 263 | 89 | 615 | 151 | 1041 | 36 |
| Alloy | 1000°F (538°C) | ||||
| 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| Waspaloy | 118 | 812 | 170 | 1175 | 22 |
| 233® | 104 | 716 | 150 | 1032 | 26 |
| 282® | 92 | 632 | 139 | 960 | 36 |
| 263 | 76 | 527 | 125 | 860 | 42 |
| Alloy | 1200°F (649°C) | ||||
| 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| Waspaloy | 114 | 784 | 165 | 1137 | 32 |
| 233® | 100 | 690 | 159 | 1094 | 25 |
| 282® | 92 | 631 | 146 | 1005 | 27 |
| 263 | 75 | 518 | 131 | 901 | 37 |
| Alloy | 1400°F (760°C) | ||||
| 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| Waspaloy | 102 | 706 | 119 | 822 | 33 |
| 233® | 98 | 675 | 117 | 807 | 27 |
| 282® | 89 | 615 | 121 | 833 | 22 |
| 263 | 76 | 524 | 101 | 696 | 27 |
| Alloy | 1600°F (871°C) | ||||
| 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | |||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| Waspaloy | 52 | 357 | 66 | 456 | 48 |
| 233® | 55 | 376 | 65 | 446 | 27 |
| 282® | 73 | 501 | 81 | 555 | 31 |
| 263 | 43 | 296 | 51 | 348 | 58 |
*Age-hardened (282® alloy: 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC, 263 alloy: 1472°F (800°C)/8h AC, Waspaloy alloy: 1825°F (995°C)/2h/AC + 1550°F (845°C)/4h/AC + 1400°F (760°C)16h/AC , 233® alloy: 1650°F(899°C)/4h/AC + 1450°F(788°C)/8h/AC)
Thermal Stability – Age-hardened
Room Temperature Tensile Properties of Age-hardened* and Thermally Exposed 233® (Sheet)
| Exposure Temperature | Exposure Duration | Test Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | ||||
| °F | °C | h | °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % |
| 1200 | 649 | 1000 | RT | RT | 133.7 | 922 | 189 | 1303 | 21.8 |
| 1400 | 760 | 1000 | RT | RT | 116.4 | 803 | 177 | 1220 | 20.9 |
| 1600 | 871 | 1000 | RT | RT | 76.8 | 529 | 147.6 | 1018 | 29 |
| 1200 | 649 | 1000 | 1200 | 649 | 113.2 | 781 | 170.3 | 1174 | 17.6 |
| 1400 | 760 | 1000 | 1400 | 760 | 91.4 | 630 | 115.4 | 796 | 33.5 |
| 1600 | 871 | 1000 | 1600 | 871 | 33.4 | 230 | 56.8 | 391 | 43.1 |
*Age-hardened (233® alloy: 1650°F/4h/AC + 1450°F/8h/AC [899°C/4h/AC + 788°C/8h/AC])
Comparative Thermal Stability Data of Gamma-Prime Strengthened Alloys (Sheet)
| Room Temperature Tensile Data – Exposed at 1200℉ (649℃) for 1,000 hours | |||||
| Alloy | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | ||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | |
| 233® | 133.7 | 922 | 189 | 1303 | 21.8 |
| 262 | 113.6 | 783 | 166.6 | 1149 | 21.3 |
| 282® | 112.9 | 778 | 172.8 | 1191 | 25.8 |
| Waspaloy | 136.5 | 941 | 196.2 | 1353 | 22.6 |
| Room Temperature Tensile Data – Exposed at 1400℉ (760℃) for 1,000 hours | |||||
| Alloy | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | ||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | |
| 233® | 116.4 | 803 | 177 | 1220 | 20.9 |
| 263 | 92.7 | 639 | 160.3 | 1105 | 32.4 |
| 282® | 104.1 | 718 | 170.5 | 1176 | 22.8 |
| Waspaloy | 112.9 | 779 | 182.4 | 1258 | 24 |
| Room Temperature Tensile Data – Exposed at 1600℉ (871℃) for 1,000 hours | |||||
| Alloy | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | ||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | |
| 233® | 76.8 | 529 | 147.6 | 1018 | 29 |
| 263 | 55 | 379 | 125.2 | 863 | 40.9 |
| 282® | 72.9 | 505 | 141.4 | 975 | 24.2 |
| Waspaloy | 84.6 | 584 | 149.3 | 1030 | 18.1 |
*Thermal exposure was applied to samples in the age-hardened condition (263 alloy: 1472°F (800°C)/8h/AC, Waspaloy alloy : 1825°F (996°C)/2h/AC + 1550°F (843°C)/4h/AC + 1400°F (760°C)/16h/AC, 282® alloy: 1850°F(1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC)
Welded Tensile Properties – Age-hardened
HAYNES® 233® alloy can be readily welded using both Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) processes, with 233-W® alloy recommended as filler metal. Transverse weld tensile properties of 233® alloy sheet and plate welded with 233-W® alloy filler metal are similar or higher than that of 233® alloy sheet and plate. For more information on 233-W® alloy filler metal, please see the 233-W® Alloy At A Glance datasheet here.
Welded Transverse Tensile Data – HAYNES® 233® Plate – 0.500 in (12.7 mm)
Solution Annealed Prior to GMAW-P Welded – Using 233-W® Filler Metal
| Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | 4D Elongation | Reduction of Area | Failure Location | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | % | |
| GMAW-P As-Welded | ||||||||
| RT | RT | 96.3 | 664 | 139.3 | 960 | 25.6 | 34.2 | Weld Metal |
| 1800 | 982 | 15.2 | 105 | 19.7 | 136 | 43.9 | 44.5 | Weld Metal |
Welded Transverse Tensile Data – HAYNES® 233® Sheet – 0.125” (3.2 mm)
Annealed and Age-Hardened After Autogenous GTAW
GTAW + 2150°F (1177°C) /15min/WQ + 1650°F (899°C)/4hr/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8hr/AC
| Temperature | Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset | Ultimate Tensile Strength | 4D Elongation | Failure Location | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | |
| GTAW + 2150°F (1177°C) /15min/WQ + 1650°F (899°C)/4hr/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8hr/AC | |||||||
| RT | RT | 111.8 | 771 | 171.1 | 1180 | 16.8 | Base Metal |
| 1400 | 760 | 98.9 | 682 | 122.2 | 843 | 11.5 | Base Metal |
| 1600 | 871 | 58.2 | 401 | 66.4 | 458 | 12.1 | Base Metal |
| 1800 | 982 | 14.4 | 99 | 18.6 | 128 | 43.8 | Base Metal |
GMAW-P, As-Welded – Using 233-W® Filler Metal
| Temperature | Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset | Ultimate Tensile Strength | 4D Elongation | Reduction of Area | Failure Location | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | % | |
| GMAW-P As-Welded | ||||||||
| RT* | RT* | 114.9 | 792 | 173.3 | 1195 | 19.3 | 21.1 | Weld Metal |
| 1400** | 760** | 109.9 | 758 | 120.6 | 832 | 17.6 | 22.5 | Weld Metal |
| 1600** | 871** | 60.3 | 416 | 70.3 | 485 | 13.7 | 18.1 | Weld Metal |
| 1800* | 982* | 13.0 | 90 | 18.6 | 128 | 47.3 | 55.9 | Weld Metal |
*Single test result;
**Average of duplicate test results
Physical Properties – Age-hardened
| Physical Property | Customary Units | Metric Units | ||
| Density |
0.296 lb/in3 |
8.19 g/cm3 |
||
| Melting Range | 2422 - 2532°F | 1328 - 1389°C | ||
| Gamma-Prime Solvus | 1767°F | 964°C | ||
| Specific Heat | RT | 0.105 BTU/lb-°F | RT | 358 J/kg-°C |
| 200°F | 0.109 BTU/lb-°F | 100°C | 373 J/kg-°C | |
| 400°F | 0.114 BTU/lb-°F | 200°C | 389 J/kg-°C | |
| 600°F | 0.119 BTU/lb-°F | 300°C | 404 J/kg-°C | |
| 800°F | 0.125 BTU/lb-°F | 400°C | 421 J/kg-°C | |
| 1000°F | 0.129 BTU/lb-°F | 500°C | 433 J/kg-°C | |
| 1200°F | 0.148 BTU/lb-°F | 600°C | 477 J/kg-°C | |
| 1400°F | 0.149 BTU/lb-°F | 700°C | 502 J/kg-°C | |
| 1600°F | 0.203 BTU/lb-°F. | 800°C | 544 J/kg-°C | |
| Thermal Conductivity | RT |
69 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
RT | 9.9 W/m-°C |
| 200°F |
77 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
100°C | 11.2 W/m-°C | |
| 400°F |
90 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
200°C | 12.9 W/m-°C | |
| 600°F |
102 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
300°C | 14.5 W/m-°C | |
| 800°F |
117 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
400°C | 16.4 W/m-°C | |
| 1000°F |
130 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
500°C | 18.1 W/m-°C | |
| 1200°F |
141 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
600°C | 19.9 W/m-°C | |
| 1400°F |
147 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
700°C | 20.7 W/m-°C | |
| 1600°F |
147 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F |
800°C | 21.3 W/m-°C | |
| Thermal Diffusivity | RT |
0.108 ft2/h |
RT |
0.0280 cm2/s |
| 200°F |
0.117 ft2/h |
100°C |
0.0322 cm2/s |
|
| 400°F |
0.130 ft2/h |
200°C |
0.0372 cm2/s |
|
| 600°F |
0.142 ft2/h |
300°C |
0.0372 cm2/s |
|
| 800°F |
0.155 ft2/h |
400°C |
0.0391 cm2/s |
|
| 1000°F |
0.167 ft2/h |
500°C |
0.0438 cm2/s |
|
| 1200°F |
0.179 ft2/h |
600°C |
0.0453 cm2/s |
|
| 1400°F |
0.186 ft2/h |
700°C |
0.0502 cm2/s |
|
| 1600°F |
0.184 ft2/h |
800°C |
0.0545 cm2/s |
|
| Electrical Resistivity | RT | 49.5 microhms-in | RT | 125.6 microhms-cm |
| 200°F | 50.2 microhms-in | 100°C | 127.6 microhms-cm | |
| 400°F | 51.3 microhms-in | 200°C | 130.2 microhms-cm | |
| 600°F | 52.2 microhms-in | 300°C | 132.4 microhms-cm | |
| 800°F | 53.1 microhms-in | 400°C | 134.3 microhms-cm | |
| 1000°F | 53.9 microhms-in | 500°C | 136.0 microhms-cm | |
| 1200°F | 54.2 microhms-in | 600°C | 137.0 microhms-cm | |
| 1400°F | 54.2 microhms-in | 700°C | 137.9 microhms-cm | |
| 1600°F | 53.4 microhms-in | 800°C | 137.3 microhms-cm | |
| Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 200°F | 6.6 µin/in-°F | 100°C | 12.1 µm/m-°C |
| 400°F | 7.0 µin/in-°F | 200°C | 12.5 µm/m-°C | |
| 600°F | 7.2 µin/in-°F | 300°C | 12.9 µm/m-°C | |
| 800°F | 7.4 µin/in-°F | 400°C | 13.2 µm/m-°C | |
| 1000°F | 7.6 µin/in-°F | 500°C | 13.5 µm/m-°C | |
| 1200°F | 7.8 µin/in-°F | 600°C | 13.8 µm/m-°C | |
| 1400°F | 8.1 µin/in-°F | 700°C | 14.3 µm/m-°C | |
| 1600°F | 8.8 µin/in-°F | 800°C | 14.9 µm/m-°C | |
| Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity | RT |
32.0 x 106 psi |
RT | 220 GPa |
| 100°F |
31.8 x 106 psi |
100°C | 215 GPa | |
| 200°F |
31.4 x 106 psi |
150°C | 213 GPa | |
| 300°F |
30.9 x 106 psi |
200°C | 210 GPa | |
| 400°F |
30.4 x 106 psi |
250°C | 207 GPa | |
| 500°F |
29.8 x 106 psi |
300°C | 204 GPa | |
| 600°F |
29.3 x 106 psi |
350°C | 200 GPa | |
| 700°F |
28.7 x 106 psi |
400°C | 197 GPa | |
| 800°F |
28.2 x 106 psi |
450°C | 193 GPa | |
| 900°F |
27.6 x 106 psi |
500°C | 189 GPa | |
| 1000°F |
26.9 x 106 psi |
550°C | 185 GPa | |
| 1100°F |
26.2 x 106 psi |
600°C | 180 GPa | |
| 1200°F |
25.5 x 106 psi |
650°C | 176 GPa | |
| 1300°F |
24.8 x 106 psi |
700°C | 171 GPa | |
| 1400°F |
24.0 x 106 psi |
750°C | 166 GPa | |
| 1500°F |
23.1 x 106 psi |
800°C | 161 GPa | |
| 1600°F |
22.2 x 106 psi |
850°C | 155 GPa | |
| Dynamic Shear Modulus | RT |
11.9 x 106 psi |
RT | 82 GPa |
| 100°F |
11.9 x 106 psi |
100°C | 80 GPa | |
| 200°F |
11.7 x 106 psi |
150°C | 79 GPa | |
| 300°F |
11.5 x 106 psi |
200°C | 78 GPa | |
| 400°F |
11.3 x 106 psi |
250°C | 77 GPa | |
| 500°F |
11.1 x 106 psi |
300°C | 76 GPa | |
| 600°F |
10.9 x 106 psi |
350°C | 74 GPa | |
| 700°F |
10.7 x 106 psi |
400°C | 73 GPa | |
| 800°F |
10.4 x 106 psi |
450°C | 71 GPa | |
| 900°F |
10.2 x 106 psi |
500°C | 70 GPa | |
| 1000°F |
10.0 x 106 psi |
550°C | 69 GPa | |
| 1100°F |
9.7 x 106 psi |
600°C | 67 GPa | |
| 1200°F |
9.4 x 106 psi |
650°C | 65 GPa | |
| 1300°F |
9.1 x 106 psi |
700°C | 63 GPa | |
| 1400°F |
8.8 x 106 psi |
750°C | 61 GPa | |
| 1500°F |
8.5 x 106 psi |
800°C | 60 GPa | |
| 1600°F |
8.2 x 106 psi |
850°C | 57 GPa | |
| Poisson's Ratio | RT | 0.34 | RT | 0.34 |
| 100°F | 0.34 | 100°C | 0.34 | |
| 200°F | 0.34 | 150°C | 0.34 | |
| 300°F | 0.34 | 200°C | 0.34 | |
| 400°F | 0.34 | 250°C | 0.34 | |
| 500°F | 0.34 | 300°C | 0.34 | |
| 600°F | 0.34 | 350°C | 0.35 | |
| 700°F | 0.35 | 400°C | 0.35 | |
| 800°F | 0.35 | 450°C | 0.35 | |
| 900°F | 0.35 | 500°C | 0.35 | |
| 1000°F | 0.35 | 550°C | 0.35 | |
| 1100°F | 0.35 | 600°C | 0.35 | |
| 1200°F | 0.36 | 650°C | 0.36 | |
| 1300°F | 0.36 | 700°C | 0.36 | |
| 1400°F | 0.36 | 750°C | 0.36 | |
| 1500°F | 0.36 | 800°C | 0.36 | |
| 1600°F | 0.36 | 850°C | 0.36 | |
*Age-hardened (282® alloy: 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC, 263 alloy: 1472°F (800°C)/8h/AC, Waspaloy alloy: 1825°F (995°C)/2h/AC +1550°F (845°C)/4h/AC + 1400°F (760°C)16h/AC, 233® alloy: 1650°F(899°C)/4h/AC + 1450°F(788°C)/8h/AC), R-41 alloy: 1650°F (899°C)/4hr/AC. Solution Annealed (230® alloy and 617 alloy).
Fabrication
HAYNES® 233® alloy is readily fabricable, similar to other Ni-base alloys in its class, as shown in the (Comparative Controlled Heating Rate Test) table and the (Comparative Hardness vs % Cold Work) figure below. All fabrication-related testing was performed on material in the solution annealed condition.
Heat Treatment
HAYNES® 233® alloy is supplied in the mill (solution) annealed condition. The purpose of solution annealing is to dissolve secondary carbides and gamma prime precipitates, for optimal ductility and fabricability. Solution annealing is typically performed by heating to a temperature in the range of 2100 to 2150°F (1149 to 1177°C) for a time commensurate with thickness, followed by a water quench. The solution annealed condition is most appropriate for applications above 1767°F (964°C), which is the gamma prime solvus temperature. The alloy retains its excellent combination of properties up to at least 2100°F (1149°C). When used in the solution annealed condition at temperatures below 1767°F (964°C), gamma-prime will precipitate and this should be taken into account for such applications.
For applications where age-hardening is required, the heat treatment alloy is typically 1650°F/4h/AC + 1450°F/8h/AC (899°C/4h/AC + 788°C/8h/AC).
Mechanical Properties
Room Temperature Hardness of HAYNES® 233® Alloy, Solution Annealed
| Form | Hardness |
| Sheet | 89 HRBW |
| Plate | 93 HRBW |
| Bar | 93 HRBW |
Room Temperature Tensile, HAYNES® 233® alloy, Solution Annealed
| Form | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | Reduction of Area | |||
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | % | ||
| Sheet | 55.1 | 380 | 121.1 | 835 | 56 | - | |
| Plate | 68.8 | 475 | 132.6 | 914 | 51.6 | 59.6 | |
Resistance to Strain-age Cracking
Controlled Heating Rate Tensile (CHRT) Test (Gleeble)
Sheet – 0.063” (1.6 mm), Tested at 1450°F (788°C)
| Alloy | % Elongation in 1.5" (38.1 mm) |
| 263 | 18.8 |
| 282® | 13.0 |
| 233® | 12.5 |
| 214® | 8.1 |
| R-41 | 6.9 |
| Waspaloy | 6.8 |
The controlled heating rate tensile test is one measure of resistance of gamma-prime strengthened alloys to strain-age cracking. Samples originally in the solution annealed condition are heated to the test temperature at a rate, 25-30°F (14-17°C) per minute, chosen to simulate a typical post-welding heat treatment. Tests are performed for each alloy over a range of test temperatures. The susceptibility of a given alloy to strain-age cracking is taken to be related to the minimum tensile elongation observed within that temperature range (lower minimum elongation = more susceptible to strain-age cracking).
For further information about this test please see the following references:
1. R.W. Fawley, M. Prager, J.B. Carlton, and G. Sines, WRC Bulletin No. 150, Welding Research Council, NY, 1970.
2. M.D. Rowe, Welding Research, Supplement to the Welding Journal, 27-s – 34-s, February 2006.
3. D.A. Metzler, Welding Research, Supplement to the Welding Journal, 249-s – 256-s, October 2008.
Olsen Cup Formability Test
| Alloy | Olen Cup Height | |
| inches | mm | |
| 263 | 0.50 | 13 |
| 617 | 0.45 | 11 |
| 282® | 0.43 | 11 |
| 233® | 0.41 | 10 |
| 230® | 0.40 | 10 |
All tests were performed on sheet 0.060” to 0.067” (1.5 to 1.7 mm) thick, using a ball diameter of 0.875” (22.2 mm), die diameter of 1.125” (28.6 mm), and petroleum jelly lubricant.
Effect of Cold Reduction on Room Temperature Tensile Properties
Transverse Tensile Properties of Cold-Reduced 233® alloy Reduced from 0.125” Mill Annealed Sheet
Welding
HAYNES® 233® alloy is readily weldable by Gas Tungsten Arc (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc (GMAW) welding processes. For root pass welding, GTAW is suggested. GMAW may be preferable for thicker section welds and the pulsed spray transfer mode (GMAW-P) is suggested. High heat input welding methods, such as submerged arc welding (SAW), should be avoided. For further details, please click here for the Welding and Fabrication guide, which contains general welding guidelines applicable to 233® alloy.
Base Metal Preparation
Wrought forms of 233® alloy are furnished in the solution annealed condition, unless otherwise specified, and is preferably welded in this condition. The purpose of solution annealing is to dissolve secondary carbides and gamma-prime precipitates for optimal ductility and fabricability. Welding of cold-worked material is strongly discouraged since it accelerates precipitation of secondary phases, induces residual stresses, and increases the likelihood for cracking. Solution annealing is typically performed by heating to a temperature in the range of 2125 to 2150°F (1163 to 1177°C) for a time commensurate with thickness, followed by rapid air cooling or water quenching. Water quenching is recommended when annealing heavy section components and cold-worked structures prior to welding. The joint surface and adjacent areas should be thoroughly cleaned, to reveal bright, metallic surfaces, before welding. All grease, oil, crayon marks, sulfur compounds, and other foreign matter should be removed.
Filler Metal Selection
For welding of 233® alloy, HAYNES® 233-W® filler metal is suggested. Please click here for more information about 233-W® filler metal, which is specially formulated for welding of 233® alloy. For dissimilar alloy welds involving 233® alloy, please consult with Haynes International for suggested filler metals.
Preheating, Interpass Temperatures, and Postweld Heat Treatment
Preheating above normal ambient or room temperature is normally not required. To minimize the precipitation of secondary phases due to welding heat input, a maximum interpass temperature of 200°F (93°C) is suggested. Auxiliary cooling methods may be used between weld passes, as needed, providing that such methods do not introduce contaminants.
233® alloy welds can be utilized in the as-welded, postweld solution annealed, or postweld age-hardened conditions. The as-welded or postweld solution annealed conditions are most appropriate for applications above 1767°F (964°C), which is the gamma-prime solvus temperature. For service temperatures regularly below 1767°F (964°C), 233® alloy welds may be given an age hardening heat treatment for increased strength. A typical age-hardening heat treatment for 233® alloy is 1650°F/4h/AC + 1450°F/8h/AC (899°C/4h/AC + 788°C/8h/AC). Solution annealing prior to age hardening is preferable.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile data for a variety of welds in both solution annealed and age-hardened conditions can be found previously.
Additive Manufacturing
HAYNES® 233® alloy powder may be utilized for various additive manufacturing processes. Properties of 233® alloy produced by laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are shown below. All subsequent heat treatments are clearly noted.
HAYNES® 233-W® alloy wire also may be utilized for additive manufacturing. Relevant data will be available in the near future. For additional information, please contact Brandon Furr, 832-835-4681, [email protected].
Tensile Properties of HAYNES® 233® Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition (LP-DED)
Stress Relieved + Hot Isostatic Pressed + Solution Annealed Condition
| Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation | Reduction of Area | |||
| °F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % | % |
| RT | RT | 111.8 | 771 | 164.1 | 1131 | 18.3 | 26.1 |
| 1000 | 538 | 102.4 | 706 | 143.1 | 987 | 16.5 | 24.6 |
| 1600 | 871 | 63.9 | 441 | 64.6 | 445 | 19.2 | 28.7 |
Tensile test specimens are orientated in the vertical direction Samples in SR+HIP+SA condition. SR: 2125°F/1hr/FC, HIP: 2125°F/100MPa/3.5hr/FC, SA: 2150°F/1hr/ArQ
Average of triplicate samples
Stress Relieved + Hot Isostatic Pressed + Solution Annealed + Age-hardened Condition
| Sample | Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | |||
| mils | mm | mils | mm | ||
| HAYNES 233® Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Samples* | Horizontal Direction | 0.04 | 1 | 0.8 | 19 |
| Vertical Direction | 0.05 | 1 | 1.2 | 29 | |
| HAYNES 233® alloy** | Wrought Sheet | 0.01 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 7 |
Tensile test specimens are orientated in the vertical direction
Samples in SR+HIP+SA+1650°F/4hr/ArQ + 1450°F/8hr/FC condition.
SR: 2125°F/1hr/FC, HIP: 2125°F/100MPa/3.5hr/FC, SA: 2150°F/1hr/ArQ
Average of triplicate samples
Oxidation Resistance of HAYNES® 233® Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)
| Sample | Metal Loss | Average Metal Affected | |||
| mils | mm | mils | mm | ||
| HAYNES 233® Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Samples* | Horizontal Direction | 0.04 | 1 | 0.8 | 19 |
| Vertical Direction | 0.05 | 1 | 1.2 | 29 | |
| HAYNES 233® alloy** | Wrought Sheet | 0.01 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 7 |
*SR (1950°F/90min) + HIP (2192°F/4hr/15ksi) + SA (2150°F/1hr) + 2-Step Age (1650°F/4hr/AC + 1450°F/8hr/AC)
**Mill Annealed + 1650°F/4hr/AC + 1450°F/8hr/AC
Environment: Flowing air. Test Length: 1000 h. No. Cycles: 1000. Cycle length: 1 h.
Disclaimer
Haynes International makes all reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the data displayed on this site but makes no representations or warranties as to the data’s accuracy, correctness or reliability. All data are for general information only and not for providing design advice. Alloy properties disclosed here are based on work conducted principally by Haynes International, Inc. and occasionally supplemented by information from the open literature and, as such, are indicative only of the results of such tests and should not be considered guaranteed maximums or minimums. It is the responsibility of the user to test specific alloys under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose.
For specific concentrations of elements present in a particular product and a discussion of the potential health affects thereof, refer to the Safety Data Sheets supplied by Haynes International, Inc. All trademarks are owned by Haynes International, Inc., unless otherwise indicated.