Principal Features

HAYNES® 244® alloy is a new Ni-Mo-Cr-W alloy developed for static parts in advanced gas turbine engines which require low thermal expansion at temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C). It offers a higher maximum use temperature than other low thermal expansion alloys currently available, including a 100-200°F (55-110°C) improvement over HAYNES® 242® alloy. The alloy is age-hardenable by formation of Ni2 (Cr,Mo,W) domains, which are structurally similar to the strengthening domains in 242® alloy. Judicious alloying with tungsten increased the thermal stability of these domains and lowered the coefficient of thermal expansion. Other important properties such as oxidation resistance and low-cycle fatigue performance are comparable or better than those of 242® alloy.

*Please contact our technical support team if you have technical questions about this alloy.

Nominal Composition

Weight %
Nickel Balance
Aluminum 0.5 max.
Carbon 0.03 max.
Chromium 8
Iron 2 max.
Manganese 0.8 max.
Molybdenum 22.5
Tungsten 6

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

*244® Thermal Expansion data can be found on the Physical Properties page

Creep and Stress-Rupture Strength

244® Plate, Age-Hardened (Limited Data)

Temperature Creep Approximate Initial Stress to Produce Specified Creep in
10 Hours 100 Hours 1,000 Hours 10,000 Hours
°F °C % ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa
1200 649 1 92 634 75 517 58* 400*
R 102 703 93 641 84 579 65 448
1300 704 1 80 552 62 427 49 338 35 241
R 92 634 74 510 58 400 39 269
1400 760 1 47 324 34 234 25 172 13* 90*
R 58 400 43 296 30 207 18 124

*Significant extrapolation

Tensile Properties

244® Alloy Plate

Test Temperature Yield Strength, 0.2% Offset Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction of Area
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
RT RT 121.2 836 195.0 1345 34 37
200 93 116.3 802 190.3 1312 39 41
400 204 110.3 761 181.6 1252 39 45
600 316 107.9 744 175.4 1209 41 44
800 427 100.0 689 170.4 1175 41 46
1000 538 99.3 685 164.2 1132 38 43
1100 593 97.5 672 156.3 1078 32 32
1200 649 93.8 647 141.4 975 21 24
1300 704 84.8 585 125.6 866 18 20
1400 760 67.2 463 105.0 696 44 37
1500 816 37.1 256 72.0 463 106 70
1600 871 34.8 240 54.1 354 124 84
1700 927 38.2* 263* 42.4* 208* 161* 89*
1800 983 24.0 165 30.4 210 141 94

*Single test

244® Alloy Sheet

Test Temperature Yield Strength, 0.2% Offset Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa %
RT RT 125.2 863 191.7 1322 28
200 94 128.0* 883* 195.0* 1345* 33*
400 205 123.0* 848* 191.5* 1320* 35*
600 316 114.1* 786* 187.5* 1293* 41*
800 427 112.5* 776* 181.5* 1251* 39*
1000 538 101.4 699 159.8 1101 28
1100 594 102.6 707 153.9 1061 19
1200 649 96.1 663 135.9 937 14
1300 705 87.2 601 118.3 815 9
1400 761 68.9 475 103.8 716 31
1500 816 37.6 259 69.3 477 78
1600 872 41.8* 288* 53.8* 371* 118*
1700 927 31.2* 215* 41.1* 283* 103*
1800 983 16.9* 117* 25.2* 174* 103*

*Single Test

244® Alloy Bar

Test Temperature Yield Strength, 0.2% Offset Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction of Area
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
RT RT 130.0 896 202.3 1395 34 38
200 22 121.1* 835* 195.2* 1346* 38* 39*
400 114 120.0 827 189.5 1306 37 42
600 169 123.8 853 184.5 1272 39 43
800 225 111.4 768 179.9 1240 40 41
1000 280 121.3 836 170.3 1174 33 38
1100 308 114.5 789 160.9 1109 20 19
1200 336 103.6 714 146.3 1009 15 20
1300 364 93.3 643 130.6 900 15 21
1400 391 75.1 518 110.2 759 25 25
1500 419 34.6 238 73.5 506 67 48
1600 447 37.3 257 54.9 379 94 64
1800 983 19.2* 132* 28.7* 198* 150* 89*

*Single Test

244® Alloy Rings

Test Temperature 0.2% Offset Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction in Area
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
RT RT 130.9 902 205.1 1414 29.6 32.3
1400 760 74.1 511 111 765 53.5 50

RT= Room Temperature
Solution annealed + aged 1400°F / 16 h / furnace cool to 1200°F / 32 h / air cool

Comparison of 244® and 242® 0.2% Offset Yield Strengths

 

Physical Properties

Physical Property British Units Metric Units
Density RT
0.335 lb/in3
RT
9.27 g/cm3
Melting Range 2480-2550°F - 1360-1400°C -
Electrical Resistivity RT 38.9 µohm-in RT 98.9 µohm-cm
200°F 40.0 µohm-in 100°C 101.7 µohm-cm
400°F 41.5 µohm-in 200°C 105.1 µohm-cm
600°F 42.8 µohm-in 300°C 108.3 µohm-cm
800°F 44.2 µohm-in 400°C 111.4 µohm-cm
1000°F 45.5 µohm-in 500°C 114.4 µohm-cm
1200°F 46.4 µohm-in 600°C 117.5 µohm-cm
1400°F 49.4 µohm-in 700°C 119.8 µohm-cm
1600°F 51.6 µohm-in 800°C 128.8 µohm-cm
1800°F 50.5 µohm-in 900°C 130.1 µohm-cm
Thermal Diffusivity RT
5.5 x 10-3 in2/s
RT
35.5 x 10-3 cm2/s
125°F
5.8 x 10-3 in2/s
100°C
38.3 x 10-3 cm2/s
200°F
5.9 x 10-3 in2/s
200°C
41.1 x 10-3 cm2/s
400°F
6.4 x 10-3 in2/s
300°C
44.1 x 10-3 cm2/s
600°F
6.9 x 10-3 in2/s
400°C
47.4 x 10-3 cm2/s
800°F
7.5 x 10-3 in2/s
500°C
50.5 x 10-3 cm2/s
1000°F
8.0 x 10-3 in2/s
600°C
53.4 x 10-3 cm2/s
1200°F
8.5 x 10-3 in2/s
700°C
55.4 x 10-3 cm2/s
1400°F
8.7 x 10-3 in2/s
800°C
53.1 x 10-3 cm2/s
1600°F
7.4 x 10-3 in2/s
900°C
48.2 x 10-3 cm2/s
1800°F
7.7 x 10-3 in2/s
- -
Thermal Conductivity RT
86.2 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
RT 12.4 W/m-ºC
200°F
94.8 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
100°C 13.8 W/m-ºC
400°F
106.9 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
200°C 15.3 W/m-ºC
600°F
120.9 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
300°C 17.1 W/m-ºC
800°F
134.2 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
400°C 18.9 W/m-ºC
1000°F
144.8 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
500°C 20.4 W/m-ºC
1200°F
171.5 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
600°C 23.0 W/m-ºC
1400°F
308.3 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
700°C 33.8 W/m-ºC
1600°F
164.5 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
800°C 37.0 W/m-ºC
1800°F
142.7 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F
900°C 22.9 W/m-ºC
Specific Heat RT 0.090 BTU/lb-°F RT 376 J/kg-ºC
200°F 0.093 BTU/lb-°F 100°C 389 J/kg-ºC
400°F 0.096 BTU/lb-°F 200°C 404 J/kg-ºC
600°F 0.100 BTU/lb-°F 300°C 416 J/kg-ºC
800°F 0.103 BTU/lb-°F 400°C 427 J/kg-ºC
1000°F 0.104 BTU/lb-°F 500°C 438 J/kg-ºC
1200°F 0.116 BTU/lb-°F 600°C 428 J/kg-ºC
1400°F 0.204 BTU/lb-°F 700°C 588 J/kg-ºC
1600°F 0.127 BTU/lb-°F 800°C 852 J/kg-ºC
1800°F 0.106 BTU/lb-°F 900°C 480 J/kg-ºC
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 70-200°F 5.93 µin/in-°F 25-100°C 10.7 µm/m-°C
70-400°F 6.11 µin/in-°F 25-200°C 11.0 µm/m-°C
70-600°F 6.26 µin/in-°F 25-300°C 11.2 µm/m-°C
70-800°F 6.40 µin/in-°F 25-400°C 11.5 µm/m-°C
70-1000°F 6.54 µin/in-°F 25-500°C 11.7 µm/m-°C
70-1100°F 6.57 µin/in-°F 25-550°C 11.8 µm/m-°C
70-1200°F 6.70 µin/in-°F 25-600°C 11.9 µm/m-°C
70-1300°F 6.97 µin/in-°F 25-650°C 12.1 µm/m-°C
70-1400°F 7.39 µin/in-°F 25-700°C 12.5 µm/m-°C
70-1500°F 7.78 µin/in-°F 25-750°C 13.2 µm/m-°C
70-1600°F 7.95 µin/in-°F 25-800°C 13.8 µm/m-°C
70-1800°F 8.22 µin/in-°F 25-900°C 14.4 µm/m-°C
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity RT
32.3 x 106 psi
RT 223 GPa
200°F
31.9 x 106 psi
100°C 220 GPa
400°F
30.8 x 106 psi
200°C 213 GPa
600°F
29.7 x 106 psi
300°C 206 GPa
800°F
28.7 x 106 psi
400°C 199 GPa
1000°F
27.7 x 106 psi
500°C 193 GPa
1200°F
26.6 x 106 psi
600°C 186 GPa
1400°F
23.9 x 106 psi
700°C 175 GPa
1600°F
21.9 x 106 psi
800°C 159 GPa
1800°F
20.6 x 106 psi
900°C 150 GPa
Dynamic Shear Modulus RT
12.4 x 106 psi
RT 85 GPa
200°F
12.2 x 106 psi
100°C 84 GPa
400°F
11.7 x 106 psi
200°C 81 GPa
600°F
11.2 x 106 psi
300°C 78 GPa
800°F
10.8 x 106 psi
400°C 75 GPa
1000°F
10.4 x 106 psi
500°C 73 GPa
1200°F
10.1 x 106 psi
600°C 70 GPa
1400°F
9.2 x 106 psi
700°C 68 GPa
1600°F
8.7 x 106 psi
800°C 62 GPa
1800°F
7.4 x 106 psi
900°C 59 GPa
Poisson's Ratio RT 0.31 RT 0.31
200°F 0.31 100°C 0.31
400°F 0.32 200°C 0.32
600°F 0.32 300°C 0.32
800°F 0.33 400°C 0.32
1000°F 0.33 500°C 0.33
1200°F 0.32 600°C 0.33
1400°F 0.30 700°C 0.30
1600°F 0.28 800°C 0.29
1800°F 0.27 900°C 0.26

All properties measured as solution annealed + aged 1400°F / 16 h / furnace cool to 1200°F / 32h / air cool

Impact Strength

Test Temperature Impact Strength
°F °C ft-lbf J
RT RT 291 395
-320 -196 307 416

Limited Data

Impact strengths were generated using Charpy V-notch samples, machined from mill annealed plate.

Low Cycle Fatigue

HAYNES® 244® alloy exhibits excellent low cycle fatigue properties at elevated temperature. Results shown below are for strain-controlled tests run in the temperature range from 800 to 1400°F (425 to 760°C). Samples were machined from plate. Tests were run with fully reversed strain (R=-1) at a frequency of 20 cpm (0.33 Hz).

0.40 N/A 305,391*
Δεtot/%
Ni, Cycles to Initiation
Nf, Cycles to Failure
°F °C
1.25 3,949 4,461
1.00 6,398 7,889
0.80 12,380 14,820
0.70 16,159 18,881
0.65 36,244 41,256
0.60 39,419 40,506
0.55 145,998 160,614
0.50 N/A 200,826*
1.25 2,753 2,835
1.00 5,520 7,006
0.80 9,859 12,877
0.80 10,058 11,169
0.70 16,291 17,989
0.70 23,438 24,443
0.60 82,871 87,701
0.55 N/A 201,022*
1.23 897 983
1.00 3,644 3,686
0.80 8,980 9,422
0.75 12,370 13,066
0.70 30,898 31,078
0.60 249,079 249,284
1.00 1,460 1,625
0.80 3,634 3,842
0.60 16,495 16,858
0.50 73,906 78,024
0.45 251,579 255,801

*Discontinued

Oxidation Resistance

HAYNES® 244® alloy exhibits very good oxidation resistance at temperatures up to 1400°F (760°C), and should not require protective coatings for continuous or intermittent service at these temperatures. The alloy is not specifically designed for use at higher temperatures, but can tolerate short-term exposures.

Static Oxidation

Alloy 1400°F (760°C), 1008h, Cycled 1x/168h
Metal Loss Avg. Met. Aff.
mils μm mils μm
625 0 0 0 0
244® 0 0 0.2 5
242® 0.1 3 0.3 8
R-41 0.1 3 0.4 10
282® 0.1 3 0.4 10
Waspaloy 0.1 3 0.6 15

Comparative Cyclic Oxidation Resistance

Alloy 1400°F (760°C), 1000 h, Cycled 1x/10 h 1400°F (760°C), 1000 h, Cycled 1x/1h
Metal Loss Average Metal Affected Metal Loss Average Metal Affected
mils µm mils µm mils µm mils µm
244® < 0.1 0.6 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 0.5 0.1 3
242® < 0.1 0.7 0.1 1.9 < 0.1 0.5 0.1 3
282® 0.1 1.5 0.4 10 0.1 1.5 0.4 10
Waspaloy 0.1 2.2 0.6 15 0.1 2.2 0.6 15

Amount of metal affected for alloys exposed to flowing air for 1000-h at 1400°F. Cycled as noted.

Thermal Stability

Thermal Stability of 244® alloy – 1400°F Tensile Data After Exposure, 0.500” Plate

Condition 0.2% Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction of Area
ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
As-Heat Treated* 68.9 461 103.4 728 33.5 32.4
+1400°F/1,000 hr 71.3 492 111.6 770 36.5 32.5
+1400°F/8,000 hr 62.6 432 102.8 709 60.3 37.2

*Age hardened 1400ºF / 16 h / furnace cool to 1200ºF / 32 h / air cool

Thermal Stability of 244® alloy – Room Temperature Tensile Data
After Exposure, 0.500” Plate

Condition 0.2% Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation Reduction of Area
ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
As-Heat Treated* 122.8 847 193.3 1333 34.7 39.2
+ 800°F/1,000 hr 123.3 850 196.2 1353 31.8 37.1
+ 800°F/8,000 hr 128.2 884 200.7 1384 32.3 20.6
+ 1200°F/1,000 hr 122.8 847 204.6 1411 25.5 25.6
+ 1200°F/8,000 hr 122.0 841 205.9 1420 25.4 27.3
+1300°F/1,000 hr 121.1 835 198.7 1370 24.4 26.4
+1300°F/8,000 hr 115.4 796 190.1 1311 15.5 17.0
+1400°F/1,000 hr 97.8 674 159.0 1096 13.1 13.3
+1400°F/8,000 hr 86.1 594 145.9 1006 8.7 6.6

*Age hardened 1400ºF /16h / furnace cool to 1200ºF /32h /air cool

Dimensional Stability

Temper Density Linear Change Additional Linear Change
lb/in3
g/cm3
% %
Solution Annealed 0.3356 9.290 Reference Reference
Age Hardened* 0.3370 9.329 -0.14
Aged + 800°F/1,000h 0.3371 9.332 -0.01
Aged + 800°F/8,000h 0.3372 9.334 -0.02
Aged + 1200°F/1,000h 0.3368 9.323 +0.02
Aged + 1200°F/8,000h 0.3368 9.323 +0.02
Aged + 1300°F/1,000h 0.3367 9.320 +0.03
Aged + 1300°F/8,000h 0.3365 9.315 +0.04
Aged + 1400°F/1,000h 0.3363 9.309 +0.07
Aged + 1400°F/8,000h 0.3364 9.312 +0.06

*1400°F / 16 h / furnace cool to 1200°F / 32 h / air cool

Heat Treatment

HAYNES® 244® alloy is furnished in the annealed condition, unless otherwise specified. The alloy is usually annealed in the range of 2000-2100°F (1093-1149°C), depending upon specific requirements, followed by an air cool (or more rapid cooling) before aging. A water quench is recommended for heavy section components. Aging is performed by holding at 1400°F (760°C) for 16 hours, furnace cooling to 1200°F (649°C) and holding for 32 hours, followed by air cool.

Formability

Samples mill annealed and cold worked yielded the following room temperature tensile results:

Cold Work Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Strength Elongation
% ksi MPa ksi MPa %
0 74 510 134 924 57
10 112 772 150 1034 38
20 142 979 167 1151 26
30 168 1158 191 1317 14
40 194 1338 215 1482 8

Welding

HAYNES® 244® alloy can be welded by a variety of processes, including gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc. High heat input processes such as submerged arc and oxyacetalyne welding are not recommended.

Welding Procedures

Welding procedures common to most high-temperature, nickel-base alloys are recommended. These include use of stringer beads and an interpass temperature less than 200°F (95°C). Preheat is not required. Cleanliness is critical, and careful attention should be given to the removal of grease, oil, crayon marks, shop dirt, etc. prior to welding. Because of the alloy’s high nickel content, the weld puddle will be somewhat “sluggish” relative to steels. To avoid lack of fusion and incomplete penetration defects, the root opening and bevel should be sufficiently open.

Filler Metals

HAYNES® 244® alloy should be joined using matching filler metal.  Please contact Haynes International for more information.

Postweld Heat Treatment

HAYNES® 244® alloy is normally used in the fully-aged condition. However, following forming and welding, a full solution anneal is recommended prior to aging in order to develop the best joint and overall mechanical properties.

Transverse Weld Tensile Results, GTAW & GMAW of 0.5” plate
with 0.045” dia. 244®  filler metal

Condition Temperature 0.2% Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Data Elongation Reduction of Area Failure Location
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa % %
GTAW + Solution Annealed* + Age Hardened** RT RT 120.4 830 184.7 1273 18 19 Weld Metal
1200 649 93.4 644 135.5 934 14 18 Weld Metal
1300 704 83.9 578 119.1 821 13 17 Weld Metal
1400 760 67.8 467 105.1 725 32 22 Weld Metal
GMAW + Solution Annealed* + Age Hardened** RT RT 121.3 836 187.0 1289 19 14 Weld Metal
1200 649 95.7 660 129.1 890 14 25 Base Metal
1300 704 84.8 585 117.8 812 17 20 Base Metal
1400 760 68.2 470 105.6 728 30 26 Weld Metal

*Annealing treatment: 2050°F / 30 minutes AT / water quench
**Age hardening treatment: 1400°F / 16 hr / FC to 1200°F / 32 hr / air cool

Disclaimer

Haynes International makes all reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the data displayed on this site but makes no representations or warranties as to the data’s accuracy, correctness or reliability. All data are for general information only and not for providing design advice. Alloy properties disclosed here are based on work conducted principally by Haynes International, Inc. and occasionally supplemented by information from the open literature and, as such, are indicative only of the results of such tests and should not be considered guaranteed maximums or minimums.  It is the responsibility of the user to test specific alloys under actual service conditions to determine their suitability for a particular purpose.

For specific concentrations of elements present in a particular product and a discussion of the potential health affects thereof, refer to the Safety Data Sheets supplied by Haynes International, Inc.  All trademarks are owned by Haynes International, Inc., unless otherwise indicated.

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