{"id":100,"date":"2024-06-29T01:44:38","date_gmt":"2024-06-29T01:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haynesintl.com\/alloys\/hot-working\/"},"modified":"2025-07-03T14:55:09","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T14:55:09","slug":"hot-working","status":"publish","type":"alloys","link":"https:\/\/haynesintl.com\/en\/alloys\/welding-and-fabrication\/hot-working\/","title":{"rendered":"Hot-working"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The HAYNES\u00ae<\/sup> and HASTELLOY\u00ae<\/sup> alloys can be hot-worked into various shapes; however, they can be more sensitive to the amounts and rates of hot-reduction than the austenitic stainless steels. In addition, the hot-working temperature ranges for the HAYNES\u00ae<\/sup> and HASTELLOY\u00ae<\/sup> alloys are quite narrow, and careful attention to hot-working parameters is necessary<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In developing suitable hot-working practices, particular attention should be paid to the solidus of the alloy in question (the temperature at which the alloy begins to melt), the high strengths of the HAYNES\u00ae<\/sup> and HASTELLOY\u00ae<\/sup> alloys at elevated temperatures, their high work-hardening rates, and their low-thermal conductivities. Furthermore, their resistance to deformation increases markedly as the temperature falls to the low end of the hot-working range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accordingly, hot-working practices that incorporate high (heavy) initial reductions, followed by moderate final reductions, coupled with frequent re-heating, generally yield the best results. In addition, slow deformation rates tend to minimize adiabatic heating and applied force requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Following any hot-working operation, the HAYNES\u00ae<\/sup> and HASTELLOY\u00ae<\/sup> alloys should be annealed, to return them to their optimal condition for service, age-hardening (in the case of the age-hardenable alloys), or for further fabrication. Annealing temperatures and techniques are detailed in the heat treatment section.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Melting Temperature Ranges<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Melting Temperature Range <\/th>\n <\/tr>\n
\n Alloy <\/td>\n \n Solidus* <\/td>\n \n Liquidus** <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n - <\/td>\n \n \u00b0F <\/td>\n \n \u00b0C <\/td>\n \n \u00b0F <\/td>\n \n \u00b0C <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n B-3\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2500 <\/td>\n \n 1370 <\/td>\n \n 2585 <\/td>\n \n 1418 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n C-4 <\/td>\n \n - <\/td>\n \n - <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n C-22\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2475 <\/td>\n \n 1357 <\/td>\n \n 2550 <\/td>\n \n 1399 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n C-22HS\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2380 <\/td>\n \n 1304 <\/td>\n \n 2495 <\/td>\n \n 1368 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n C-276 <\/td>\n \n 2415 <\/td>\n \n 1323 <\/td>\n \n 2500 <\/td>\n \n 1371 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n C-2000\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2422 <\/td>\n \n 328 <\/td>\n \n 2476 <\/td>\n \n 1358 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n G-30\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n - <\/td>\n \n - <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n G-35\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2430 <\/td>\n \n 1332 <\/td>\n \n 2482 <\/td>\n \n 1361 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n HYBRID-BC1\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2448 <\/td>\n \n 1342 <\/td>\n \n 2509 <\/td>\n \n 1376 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n N <\/td>\n \n 2375 <\/td>\n \n 1302 <\/td>\n \n 2550 <\/td>\n \n 1399 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n ULTIMET\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2430 <\/td>\n \n 1332 <\/td>\n \n 2470 <\/td>\n \n 1354 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 25 <\/td>\n \n 2425 <\/td>\n \n 1329 <\/td>\n \n 2570 <\/td>\n \n 1410 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 75 <\/td>\n \n 2445 <\/td>\n \n 1341 <\/td>\n \n 2515 <\/td>\n \n 1379 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 188 <\/td>\n \n 2400 <\/td>\n \n 1316 <\/td>\n \n 2570 <\/td>\n \n 1410 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 214\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2475 <\/td>\n \n 1357 <\/td>\n \n 2550 <\/td>\n \n 1399 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 230\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2375 <\/td>\n \n 1302 <\/td>\n \n 2500 <\/td>\n \n 1371 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 242\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2350 <\/td>\n \n 1288 <\/td>\n \n 2510 <\/td>\n \n 1377 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 244\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2480 <\/td>\n \n 1360 <\/td>\n \n 2550 <\/td>\n \n 1399 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 263 <\/td>\n \n 2370 <\/td>\n \n 1299 <\/td>\n \n 2470 <\/td>\n \n 1354 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 282\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2370 <\/td>\n \n 1299 <\/td>\n \n 2510 <\/td>\n \n 1377 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 556\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2425 <\/td>\n \n 1329 <\/td>\n \n 2480 <\/td>\n \n 1360 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 617 <\/td>\n \n 2430 <\/td>\n \n 1332 <\/td>\n \n 2510 <\/td>\n \n 1377 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 625 <\/td>\n \n 2350 <\/td>\n \n 1288 <\/td>\n \n 2460 <\/td>\n \n 1349 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 625SQ\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2350 <\/td>\n \n 1288 <\/td>\n \n 2460 <\/td>\n \n 1349 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n 718 <\/td>\n \n 2300 <\/td>\n \n 1260 <\/td>\n \n 2435 <\/td>\n \n 1335 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n HR-120\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2478 <\/td>\n \n 1359 <\/td>\n \n 2542 <\/td>\n \n 1395 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n HR-160\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2360 <\/td>\n \n 1293 <\/td>\n \n 2500 <\/td>\n \n 1371 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n HR-224\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2449 <\/td>\n \n 1343 <\/td>\n \n 2510 <\/td>\n \n 1377 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n HR-235\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2401 <\/td>\n \n 1316 <\/td>\n \n 2473 <\/td>\n \n 1356 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n MULTIMET\u00ae<\/sup> <\/td>\n \n 2350 <\/td>\n \n 1288 <\/td>\n \n 2470 <\/td>\n \n 1354 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n R-41 <\/td>\n \n 2385 <\/td>\n \n 1307 <\/td>\n \n 2450 <\/td>\n \n 1343 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n S <\/td>\n \n 2435 <\/td>\n \n 1335 <\/td>\n \n 2516 <\/td>\n \n 1380 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n W <\/td>\n \n 2350 <\/td>\n \n 1288 <\/td>\n \n 2510 <\/td>\n \n 1377 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n Waspaloy <\/td>\n \n 2425 <\/td>\n \n 132 <\/td>\n \n 2475 <\/td>\n \n 1357 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n X <\/td>\n \n 2300 <\/td>\n \n 1260 <\/td>\n \n 2470 <\/td>\n \n 1354 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n X-750 <\/td>\n \n 2540 <\/td>\n \n 1393 <\/td>\n \n 2600 <\/td>\n \n 1427 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n<\/div>